The most imporatant contribution of hierarchical patch dynamics lies in the framework provided for explicitly incorporating heterogeneity and scale, and for integrating equilibrium, multiple equilibrium, and nonequilibrium perspectives. In contrast to the stability that derives from an assumed self-regulation in a closed system, the concepts of incorporation and metastability deal explicity with multiple-scale processes and the consequences of heterogeneity. Hierarchical patch dynamics incorporates certain "emergent properties" of ecological system, such as metastabilityor persistence at the meta-scale, as opposed to the transient dynamics that usually characterize local phenomena. Stabilizing mechanisms that dampen these destabilizing forces include spatial incorporation, environmental disturbances, biological compensatory mechanisms, and heterogeneity absorpion. Both enviromental stochasticities and biotic feedback interactions can cause instability and contribute to the dynamcis observed a various scales. The major elements of the hierarchical patch dynamics paradigm include the idea of nested hirarchies of patch mosaics, ecosystem dynamics as a composite of patch changes in time and space, the pattern-process-scale perspecitve, the nonequilibrium perspective, and the concepts of incorporation and metastability. The integration of patch dynamics with hierarchy theory has led to new perspectives in spatial and temporal dynamics, with explicit linkage between scale and heterogeneity.
hierarchical linkages in ecological systems.
stochasticity, and single-sclae phenomenon vs. In this paper, we sysntesize recent developments that advance our understandings of equilibrium vs. The theories and models built around these equlibrium and stability principles have misrepresented the foundations of resource management, nature conservation, and environemtnal protection. The more recent concepts of point equilibrium and static stability, which characterize the classical equilibrium paradigm in ecology, are traceable to the assumptions implicit in "balance of nature." The classical equilibrium view, however, has failed not only because equilibrium conditions are rare in nature, but also because of our past inability to incorporate heterogeneity and scale multiplicity into our quantitative expresssions for stability. It is my hope that these films will contribute to a deeper understanding and gratitude of the natural wonders in our world and to the preservation of our fragile environment in the future.A common assumption historically in ecology is evident in the term "balance of nature." The phrase usually implies that undisturbed nature is ordered and harmonius, and that ecological systems return to a previous equilibrium after disturbances. Afterwards this footage was combined to make a series of 4K video films that show the beautiful landscapes of the Nordic countries. The term is most often applied to the Earth or some parts of Earth. The natural environment or natural world encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial. It is my hope that this film will contribute to a deeper understanding and gratitude of the natural wonders in our world and to the preservation of our fragile environment in the future. It is the world's largest hot desert and third-largest desert after the polar deserts. To get the right shots it was often necessary to hike for hours with heavy equipment to remote locations.ĭuring my hiking in the nature I shot 35 thousands time-lapse photos and several hundred aerial photography videos in 4K of some of Scandinavia's most beautiful spots. An image of the Sahara desert from satellite. On this epic journey not only the most popular tourist places were visited. This adventure went from Copenhagen in the south of Scandinavia through the always changing landscapes of Norway with its deep fjords, snowy mountains, glaciers and many waterfalls, through the untouched islands of Lofoten and all the way to the moon landscape at the North Cape before returning to Denmark through Finland and Sweden with thousands of lakes and deep mysterious forests. The material for this project was shot during a 7000 km long road trip through amazing scenery in the summer 2016. Timelapsefilm.dk - Business Website (Danish) - Construction and Long Term Timelapse Business Website - Timelapse, VFX and Film Production Don’t hesitate to like, comment, share and of course subscribe to my channel. This undisturbed natural setting provides a habitat for the peregrine falcon, the fastest bird in the world, and the pygmy owl, the smallest owl in Europe. This is the second of a series of films that describes the nature of Scandinavia through timelapses and aerial photography.įilm locations in “Undisturbed Nature”: Norway See dancing morning clouds over a glacier lake, a sun halo at the North Cape, rare lenticular clouds and stormy weather at Lofoten. Experience a timelapse journey through the undisturbed nature of Norway.
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